Vagus Nerve Stimulation, Deep Brain Stimulation, Responsive Neurostimulation

Dr. Taylor Abel, MD, FAANS, is the Director of the Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery Program at UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh and Dr. George M Ibrahim, MD, PhD, FRCSC, FAANS, is a pediatric neurosurgeon at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Canada, Assistant Professor at the Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, and Institute of Medical Science, Department of Surgery at the University of Toronto, and Associate Scientist Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health at SickKids Research Institute. Here, Drs. Abel and Ibrahim discuss the three different types of neuromodulation: vagus nerve stimulation, deep brain stimulation, and responsive neurostimulation (NeuroPace).